Mississauga council caves on a key demand to Uber

Mississauga council did a 180 Wednesday, paving the way for ride-sharing companies such as Uber to operate under a pilot program even though the company ignored council’s main condition to proceed with the plan — that it shut down operations until the pilot is launched.

“I’ve changed. Yes I have,” said Councillor Pat Saito, who two weeks ago stated in council that she was adamant about the condition and led a motion that included directions to scrap the pilot plan if Uber did not shut down its operation in the city.

But Uber ignored that directive and continued to operate. On Wednesday council caved, and Saito contradicted her earlier resolution with a new motion that removed the requirement for Uber to stop operating before the pilot could proceed.

“I want the pilot to move forward,” she said during a break in the meeting, after her motion passed. “Things are changing on a daily basis. I wanted to get as much support on council for the pilot (as possible), and if that meant massaging the motion and making amendments that other councillors could support it if those changes were made, then I’m prepared to do it.”

Meanwhile, staff and councillors detailed Uber’s continued “illegal” operation, after a separate motion two weeks ago banned ride-sharing companies unless they got traditional taxi licences and operated under similar regulations.

Staff said 50 charges were laid against Uber drivers in the past week, with fines that can reach as high as $25,000 for operators and $50,000 for the company.

But Uber, they said, is fighting the charges in court, using Charter challenges that staff said are complex and difficult to argue against.

While all of this goes on, and a pilot is now set to be drafted by a special committee, councillors described a wild-west scene on the streets of Mississauga, as Uber drivers operating illegally try to duck 11 city bylaw officers who are on the chase — up from nine.

Councillor Jim Tovey described Uber as “robber barons” during the public council debate. Councillor Ron Starr described the app-based company, which he said had directed drivers to keep operating illegally while bylaw officers try to chase them down, as “a group of bandits.”

Mayor Bonnie Crombie, who pushed for the pilot, said she would like to see a cap on the number of ride-sharing drivers allowed under the one-year test plan. She suggested again that a cap of 50 might make sense, because that’s the number of traditional taxi plates sitting on the city’s shelf.

It’s a number that represents a huge reduction from the 5,000 drivers Uber says are currently operating in the city.

“There was a determination by the majority, by the will of council, that the industry be modernized and that a test pilot be put into place to really test drive this new technology,” Crombie said during the break. “The reality is that it exists, and I think we need to be able to regulate it, to control it.”

Four councillors refused to support the motion, with some calling the proceedings “Groundhog Day” as council continues to extend Uber a lifeline despite its repeated refusal to shut down.

“We’re not dealing with equals,” Councillor George Carlson said during the debate, warning his peers of what he described as the tactics of an enemy that has no interest in ever co-operating. “We’re dealing with invaders.”

Council has given itself a deadline of the end of June to come up with rules for a pilot. If Uber does not agree to them, they said Wednesday, once again, the plan will not proceed.

Mississauga’s renters feeling the heat as summer temperatures continue to rise

Another week of sizzling temperatures and high humidity means another week of unbearable living conditions for Paula Torres.

“Every time we get these exaggerated temperatures, it’s like murder,” Torres said, describing her cramped two-bedroom apartment located at the corner of Hurontario and King streets in Mississauga.

Torres keeps her balcony door open most of the day in her two-bedroom apartment, which she shares with her 22-year-old son and 92-year-old mother.

“It’s difficult when there’s no breeze outside. But if we keep the balcony door closed, we would feel like we’re dying in here,” she said.

She has three fans going all hours of the day to circulate the air, but it’s still “unliveable” when temperatures soar above 30.

Hydro is not included in the price of Torres’ unit and installing an air conditioner in the only 14” by 19” window in her apartment is out of her price range.

“It’s a tough time,” reflected Torres, who works part-time as a graphic designer.

The province requires landlords to provide sufficient heat supply to renters from Sept. 1 to June 15 through the Residential Tenancies Act.

Temperatures must be maintained to at least 20 degrees Celsius.

But there are no cooling requirements during summer, which in Ontario, are becoming increasingly hot and humid.

“In regards to extreme heat events, it is important to remember that municipalities have the ability to undertake emergency measures to protect vulnerable populations,” said Conrad Spezowka, spokesperson for the Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing (MMAH).

Municipalities may issue heat warnings and make cooling centres available for residents until the heat event has passed, he said.

The City of Toronto is studying the possibility of mandating a maximum indoor temperature at Toronto’s rental buildings.

Mississauga’s municipal enforcement staff have never considered studying the matter.

Under the City’s property standards bylaws, landlords that provide air conditioning for renters must make sure they are in good working order.

But Torres, who has been looking for a new apartment in the Cooksville area for a decade, says hydro is not included in what little rental properties are left in the city.  

With cooling costs bumping summer hydro bills up as much as 60 per cent, according to Hydro One, the added expense for renters is not feasible.

“It’s painful, but what can we do?” asked Torres.

Spezowka said landlords are responsible for providing and maintaining rental units fit for habitation.

If a tenant believes that the lack of cooling causes his/her rental unit to be unfit for habitation, the tenant can apply to the Landlord and Tenant Board, he said.

Torres says she’s already tried that, but because she couldn’t provide medical documentation to explain how it was affecting her, she was unsuccessful.

Originally from Panama, Torres described the situation as similar to “living in the third world.”

Temperatures are expected to range from 26 degrees to 31, with high humidex warnings for the next two weeks. 

Kontrol Energy enters into Letter of Intent to Acquire Log-One Ltd.'s Energy Management System (EMS)

TORONTO, Sept. 20, 2016 /CNW/ - Kontrol Energy Corp. (CSE:KNR) (the "Company") announces that it has entered into a Letter of Intent to acquire (the "Proposed Acquisition") the assets of Log-One Ltd.'s Energy Management System ("EMS"), an intelligent, occupancy-based heating and air-conditioning control product, including the hardware, software, intellectual property and patents (combined to be referred to as the "EMS Technology"). The Proposed Acquisition is conditional on the completion of a definitive asset purchase agreement and would involve the payment by the Company of $250,000 in cash, the issuance of 1 million common shares of the Company and the payment of a royalty on future product sales to Log-One Ltd.

The EMS Technology is an integrated smart, occupancy-based thermostat system which has been designed for commercial and industrial use. Unlike a programmable thermostat which requires a high level of attention by the property owner and is subject to ongoing manual adjustments, the EMS Technology provides for pre-programmed automation, smart learning algorithms and more environmental control while delivering best-in-class energy savings.

The EMS Technology is a leader in its field, with more than 10,000 units installed and operating across Canada.  It is specifically designed for both retrofit of existing buildings and new building applications, and uses unique patented technology to control pre-heat cycles, room temperatures, ventilation and lighting based on actual occupant behavior. The EMS Technology has been delivering independently verified, market-leading energy savings for customers for the past ten years, producing between 24% and 33% savings in multi-residential buildings and between 30% and 40% in classrooms and offices.

"We are very confident with the ability of the EMS Technology to deliver significant energy savings," says Paul Ghezzi, CEO of the Company. "Our plans are to add Internet of Things (IoT) capability to the EMS Technology and to deliver a series of robust mobile applications. By making the energy savings produced by the EMS Technology visible and interactive we see the potential opportunity of accelerating the deployment of the EMS Technology across North America."

Kontrol Energy seeks to finance the Proposed Acquisition through its recently announced Debenture and Common Share Unit Offering. The closing date of the Proposed Acquisition is anticipated to occur in mid-December, 2016.

About Kontrol Energy Corp.

Kontrol Energy Corp. (CSE:KNR) is a leader in energy efficiency solutions and technology. Through a disciplined mergers and acquisition strategy, combined with organic growth, Kontrol Energy Corp. provides market-based energy solutions to our customers designed to reduce their overall cost of energy while providing a corresponding reduction in Green House Gas (GHG) emissions.

Through our Energy Savings Simplified Program® customers can gain immediate financial savings and the ability to monitor and modify energy consumption and demand in real-time through cloud based IoT solutions. To learn more about Kontrol Energy Corp., please visit the Company's website at www.kontrolenergy.com.

Additional information about Kontrol Energy Corp. can be found on its website atwww.kontrolenergy.com and by reviewing its profile on SEDAR at www.sedar.com

Neither IIROC nor any stock exchange or other securities regulatory authority accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.

About Log-One Ltd.

Log-One Ltd. Is a Canadian private company and over the past decade has manufactured and supplied more than 10,000 EMS devices into the Canadian market and has serviced a wide and diverse client base including multi-residential property owners and managers, commercial landlords and school boards.

Forward Looking InformationThis news release includes certain forward-looking statements, which may include, but are not limited to, the completion of financing transactions and the provision of energy solutions to customers. Any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical facts may be deemed to be forward-looking, including those identified by the expressions "will", "anticipate", "believe", "plan", "estimate", "expect", "intend", "propose" and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results, performance, or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied in this news release. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in this news release include, but are not limited to, failure to complete the Proposed Acquisition, the future savings and earnings of the EMS Technology not being consistent with past performance and risks associated with the energy efficiency and/or carbon emission measurement and verification sectors generally. The Company assumes no obligation to update the forward-looking statements or to update the reasons why actual results could differ from those reflected in the forward-looking statements except as required by applicable law.

Commercial A/C Market Growth Forecast at 8.98% CAGR to 2020

The global commercial air conditioning market is forecast to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.98 percent during the period of 2016 to 2020, according to a research report from ReportsnReports.

The study said the emergence of smart technology will be a key trend for market growth, since with the advent of the smart grid, smart buildings, and smart cities, the scope of data has increased more than ever, enabling better measurement using big data and analytics. Smart grids are capable of communicating with individual buildings, while smart cities can use technology to observe trends across all buildings in the city. Despite the high initial expenditure involved and the need for routine adjustments, the implementation of smart HVAC systems is increasingly becoming a necessary expense for larger buildings, as these systems enhance operational cost savings.

Growth in data center cooling will be a key driver for market growth. Overheating in data centers is a major concern for businesses, as it affects productivity and increases downtime. Owing to the need for increased information storage capacity for higher data processing, companies are not only establishing new data centers, but also expanding their existing data center infrastructure. The onus on companies to increase the efficiency of data centers has led to rising demand for data center cooling.

The recent increase in global construction activities is a key factor contributing to the growth of the global commercial air conditioning market. During 2015, the market was dominated by the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region with a market share of about 51 percent. Rapid economic growth, expansion in electrification, and greater product availability are factors that will drive the growth of this region during the forecast period.

By 2020, the ductless split system segment will continue its market dominance, accounting for about 46 percent of overall market revenue. Easy installation, energy efficiency, and the flexibility to cool or heat individual rooms are the key factors driving growth. Ductless split systems are becoming popular among hotels and apartment buildings due to their ability to heat one room while simultaneously cooling another.

HVAC Equipment Patent Overview 2011-2016 - Carrier, Daikin, and Lennox Launch Products to Meet Rising Demand - Research and Markets

In residential, industrial or commercial buildings, heating or cooling is implemented by Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) equipment. It also provides fresh outdoor air to eliminate inner airborne contaminants such as volatile organic compounds and odors emitted from interior fittings or various cleaning chemicals among others.

In the coming years, HVAC equipment is expected to witness high traction in residential and commercial market segments while moderate growth will be observed in the industrial segment. Globally air conditioning equipment has the largest demand and this segment is currently dominating the HVAC equipment market.

Major drivers of the global HVAC equipment segment increase in new households, rising average construction spending, rapid urbanization and growth in disposable income across several major economies. Growing requirement from the commercial segment and high demand for HVAC products in the Asia Pacific region are other key drivers of the segment. However, high energy consumption of HVAC equipment is a major factor restraining the growth of this segment.

Over the forecast period, companies of HVAC equipment have revenue generation opportunities in the areas related to the advancement of energy efficient systems, increasing trend of smart homes and implementation of green technologies. One of the key concerns that global manufacturers are focusing on is energy efficiency.

Energy efficient HVAC products are already being launched by a number of vendors such as Carrier, Daikin, and Lennox to meet the demand arising from consumers and industries.

Key Topics Covered:

1. Objective

2. Overview

3. Search Strategy

4. Patent set segmentation

5. Categorization Tree

6. IP Publication Trend

7. Top 10 Assignees Graph

8. Research Breadth across various jurisdictions : Key Statistics

9. White Space Matrix (Technology)

10. Legal Status Graph

11. Summary

HVAC Control Systems Market Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast to 2022: Research Corridor

Research Corridor has published a new research study titled “HVAC Control Systems Market – Growth, Share, Opportunities, Competitive Analysis and Forecast, 2015 – 2022”. The HVAC Control Systems market report studies current as well as future aspects of the HVAC Control Systems Market based upon factors such as market dynamics, key ongoing trends and segmentation analysis. Apart from the above elements, the HVAC Control Systems Market research report provides a 360-degree view of the HVAC Control Systems industry with geographic segmentation, statistical forecast and the competitive landscape.

Geographically, the HVAC Control Systems Market report comprises dedicated sections centering on the regional market revenue and trends. The HVAC Control Systems market has been segmented on the basis of geographic regions into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and Rest of the World (RoW). The RoW segment consists Latin America and the Middle East & Africa. The HVAC Control Systems market has been extensively analyzed on the basis of various regional factors such as demographics, gross domestic product (GDP), inflation rate, acceptance and others. HVAC Control Systems Market estimates have also been provided for the historical years 2013 & 2014 along with forecast for the period from 2015 – 2022.

The research report also provides a comprehensive understanding of HVAC Control Systems market positioning of the major players wherein key strategies adopted by leading players has been discussed. The HVAC Control Systems industry report concludes with the Company Profiles section which includes information on major developments, strategic moves and financials of the key players operating in HVAC Control Systems market.

Key Takeaways:

• Market Dynamics in the HVAC Control Systems Market
• Key Ongoing Regional Trends
• HVAC Control Systems Market Estimates for Years 2013 – 2022
• HVAC Control Systems Market Positioning of Key Players
• Key Strategies Adopted by the Leading Players
• Attractive Investment Proposition
• HVAC Control Systems Market Inclination Insights

HVAC’s Role in Net-zero Buildings

Net-zero-energy buildings (NZEBs) employ the latest materials, technologies, practices, and controls in order to not only minimize energy usage, but also produce as much or more energy than the building consumes. As these buildings become more popular, HVACR manufacturers are working to create highly efficient products and systems to help meet these ambitious performance goals.

THE RISE OF NET-ZERO-ENERGY BUILDINGS

Mark Stimson, business development manager, Bosch Thermotechnology Corp., said there are several trends driving the growth of NZEBs. “The resurgence of the building industry, builders’ interest to sell a differentiated product in a more competitive market, and new building codes encouraging less energy use and more on-site renewable energy generation are all factors,” he said.

Richard Holzer, managing principal engineer, Southland Industries, said the impacts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on climate change coupled with rising energy costs are primary drivers for the green building and sustainability movement. “The size of the green building market is increasing, and the rising popularity of NZEBs is an outgrowth of this trend,” he said. “In addition, policies, codes, regulations, and incentives are even greater drivers of this ever-growing trend. All levels of government, ranging from federal and state agencies to city government and institutional users, are beginning to impose net-zero-energy policies. Also, the cost of photovoltaic panel equipment is decreasing while efficiency is increasing, making NZEBs economically viable.”

9 Tips for Hiring a Heating and Cooling Contractor

1. Study up — Find out about license and insurance requirements for contractors in your state. And before you call a contractor, know the model of your current system and its maintenance history. Also make note of any uncomfortable rooms. This will help potential contractors better understand your heating needs.

2. Ask for referrals — Ask friends, neighbors, and co-workers for contractor referrals. You can also contact local trade organizations for names of members in your area.

3. Call references — Ask contractors for customer references and call them. Ask about the contractor's installation or service performance, and if the job was completed on time and within budget.

4. Find special offers — a heating and cooling system is one of the largest purchases you'll make as a homeowner. Keep your costs down by checking around for available rebates on energy-efficient ENERGY STAR qualified heating and cooling equipment. Begin your search at www.energystar.gov.

5. Look for ENERGY STAR — ENERGY STAR qualified products meet strict energy efficiency guidelines set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and offer significant long-term energy savings. Contractors should be able to show you calculations of savings for ENERGY STAR heating and cooling equipment.

6. Expect a home evaluation — the contractor should spend significant time inspecting your current system and home to assess your needs. A bigger system isn't always better; a contractor should size the heating and cooling system based on the size of your house, level of insulation, and windows. A good contractor will inspect your duct system (if applicable) for air leaks and insulation and measure airflow to make sure it meets manufacturer’s specifications.

7. Get written, itemized estimates — when comparing contractors' proposals (bids), be sure to compare cost, energy efficiency and warranties. A lowest price may not be the best deal if it's not the most efficient because your energy costs will be higher.

8. Get it in ink — Sign a written proposal with a contractor before work gets started. It'll protect you by specifying project costs, model numbers, job schedule and warranty information.

9. Pass it on — Tell friends and family about ENERGY STAR. Almost one-quarter of households knowingly purchased at least one qualified product last year, and 71% of those consumers say they would recommend ENERGY STAR to a friend. Spread the word, and we can all make a big difference.

Tips on Starting an HVAC Company

One benefit to starting a heating, ventilation and air conditioning business is that you can begin with a small investment in time and resources, and then grow your company at your own pace. Another advantage is that the HVAC industry tends to mirror the fast and forwardly growth of technology. When improvements are made to the design and function of heating and cooling units, the demand for expert HVAC contractors accelerates.

Specialize
Assess your skill level to determine what you do best and then offer that service first. For example, if you excel at repairing automobile air conditioning systems but not furnaces, be honest with yourself. Realize your limitations and get training in those weak areas, if you feel you would like to offer those services. The HVAC is flexible because you can become an expert in a variety of services based on what you want to you to specialize in. This includes troubleshooting heat pumps, gas furnaces, or air conditioning; and consulting on ENERGY STAR appliances for homes or commercial buildings, or specializing in other areas of expertise.

Get Certified
Join a trusted HVAC industry-based organization that specializes in offering education and certification. Your years of experience and combined training can be even more enhanced with a North American Technician Excellence certification. In addition, your knowledge of ENERGY STAR qualified products and current trends in the HVAC business industry can make you a valuable resource to your customers. Certification may also help you instill your competency to potential customers.

Create Growth-Oriented Business Plan
Plan how you will expand your client base over the years to stay profitable, although initially, you may start your HVAC business with limited risk. Start out part time with a set amount of hours you would like to work in your business. For example, you might want to work four hours each weekend and then expand it to include a four more hours for three or four days during the week. Realize how many clients you can service within a week based on the hours you would like to devote to the business and your financial goals. Allow for between two and four hours of administration time each week so that you can review your progress. Since HVAC contracting involves physical labor, make sure that you do not overbook and always delivery quality service to your customers. Keep this in mind as you determine your weekly commitment.

Partner With Construction Firms
Research reputable construction and remodeling firms in your area and offer to be a dependable HVAC resource. Commercial and residential building contractors may be your best long-term leads because they build homes and commercial buildings from the ground up. Renovation project managers may desire a HVAC specialist to determine if a heating or air conditioning unit should be repaired or replaced. These firms may also need advice on which ENERGY STAR equipment is the best suited for the size of a newly built home.

What kind of heating system you choose?

Heating - in effect is the creation of artificial comfort for the occupants.

Heating is one of the construction and technological installations building that meets the following requirements:

Aesthetic - should blend in with the interior design space and not take up much space;

Assembly - have a quick access to all components for assembly and disassembly;

Construction - installation of elements of the heating system in conjunction with the architectural - planning and design placement of buildings, without breaking the strength of load-bearing structures at the time of installation and repair of heating system;

Economic - as much as possible to reduce the material consumption for heating in the investigation and reduce costs;

Operational - to present characteristics such as simplicity and ease of use, quiet and security;

Sanitary - hygienic - the indoor temperature to be at a comfortable level, are required by SNIP, without deteriorating air quality in the room.

Heating systems distinguish between local and centralized. Local heating - a heating one or several buildings, centralized - it is intended for residential and industrial area.

Central heating systems are divided into two main types of heat sources: district heating plants (WT) and combined heat and power (CHP).

The composition of the heat supply system includes the following types of elements: thermal network (piping from the boiler room to the building), the heat source (boiler or boiler unit) inputs and local heating systems heat.

In central heating systems use heat source combined heat and power (CHP), which simultaneously produce and electricity and heat, or boilers, which are called district heating stations.

In district heating systems are used mostly either water or steam or air as the coolant. Of - for the type of heat carrier heating systems are water, steam and air heating systems.

Heat carrier heating systems should have the following qualities:

• Large heat impact;

• Mobility - in consequence of that loss in the pipelines will be minor.

From the heat transfer performance depends initial and operating costs of the heating system.

The parameters that tend coolant:

Water - it has high density (1000 kg / m3) and excellent heat capacity [4.187 kJ / (kg * K)], which is characteristic of a large heat output at low volumes. It is also possible temperature changes over a wide range. In order to reduce the cost of water speed in heating systems is limited 1.5 m / sec.

The steam which is used in heating systems, has a small density (0.6 - 1.6 kg / m3), but in this density a large amount of heat. Heat is the result of condensate generation in boiler units. Movement steam in the steam has a speed of 40 - 80 m / s, as a result there is a significant release of heat over long distances, but the economic costs are minor.

The air density is small (1.2 - 1 kg / m3), the heat capacity [1 kJ / (kg * K)], in consequence of that return for the right amount of heat will require a significant amount of air. From the point of view of the economy it is not advisable to use air heating. 

Consider the pros and cons of such heating systems, such as water, steam and air system. 

Water heating systems are reliable and suitable from an environmental point of view. Such heating systems are most commonly used in civil and industrial buildings, more online GazSintez . 

Positive aspects of the water heating system:

·         Easy to maintain;

·         Silent operation of the system;

·         Ability to maintain a constant temperature heaters on the surface;

·         Temperature control in view of outside air.

·         Negative sides:

·         The limited height of the heating system;

·         Freezing of water in the heating duct which is located between the heating units and the consumer.

Unlike water, steam heating systems have several disadvantages in operation and hygienic point of view. Therefore, these systems are often used for industrial buildings and in buildings where people are not a long time.

·         Positive aspects of the steam heating system:

·         Large heat heaters;

·         From the point of view of the economy is not high cost of pipes and heaters;

·         Low Probability freezing, unlike a water heating system;

·         Moving the steam over large distances without any - any mechanical assistance. 

The negative side of this heating system:

Great temperature heaters on the surface, resulting in burns and the dust produced unsanitary conditions in the room;

There is no possibility of temperature control, it is a constant, and as a result, to maintain the desired temperature based on the outdoor air heating system has to turn on and off;

Large losses in the thermal circuit between the boiler and the consumer;

possible deformation of the system - due to thermal stress;

Not long service life of the - due to corrosion of pipes.

But air heating systems meet the sanitary - hygienic norms, but - for a number of shortcomings have been applied in combination with ventilation. Applied as in public buildings and industrial.

·         Positive aspects of air heating systems:

·         These systems are compatible with good ventilation;

·         Has the ability to control;

·         Large heat quickly warms the room up to a comfortable environment;

·         The advantage is that the heating devices are absent.

·         The negative side of this heating system:

·         Requires a large cross-section of the duct;

·         Significant heat loss in ducts.

These are the main characteristics that define the scope of the heating systems of one kind or another. 

The heating units metal construction.

Most of the early designs of vacuum furnaces used the approach of all-metal shielding the heating modules. This type of screen-vacuum thermal insulation is a set vzaimoudalennyh apart metal sheets. The gaps between the sheets are approximately 5 mm. Typically, the first two or three layers are made of refractory materials (molybdenum, tantalum or tungsten - depending on the desired nominal temperature), followed by additional layers of stainless steel sheet. A specific feature of the use of screen-vacuum thermal insulation is its buckling. One of the reasons - the interaction of the internal screen with a heated evaporating material products. Moreover, this process is uneven, which affects the emission characteristics of the screen surface when heated at high temperatures. Therefore, one of the causes of non-uniformity of the heated articles the temperature is uncontrolled change the emissivity of certain areas of the screen insulation. This phenomenon is necessarily lead to a spread of properties of products in a heated cage. As a material of the heating elements is used: molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, nichrome, fechral.

These materials are available in the form of strips of broad bands or rods (circle). For insulators used various kinds of high-temperature ceramics. Screen-vacuum insulation, heating elements and electrical insulators are attached to the stainless steel core. The core can be in the form of a cylinder or box. There are many different types of all-metal construction of the heating modules. Such a variety of structural forms of all-metal heating module is not due to the improvement of the technical data, and, in general, the desire to circumvent the patents of competing companies. The heating unit is used in metal construction of the vacuum electric furnace at a nominal temperature of 2500 ° C. In such electric arc heaters basic material is tungsten. The higher the temperature, the shorter the service life of heaters. Reduced heater life happens for many reasons. Fig. 1 as an example shows the image of an all-metal heating module for the original design of the vacuum chamber furnaces trademark "NITTIN". In such an electric cage loaded horizontally (frontal).

Industrial Heating Gallery